关于机电抗震

2008年之前,国内基本无机电抗震的概念,规范和标准更是空白。

1947年,NFPA 13首次规定建筑自动喷淋消防系统的抗震设计方式,也就是说美国最早是在消防领域开始了抗震领域的设计要求。

随后在上世纪60、70年代,美国又开始全面定义了建筑机电抗震支撑系统,应用于水、暖、风、电等机电设备的抗震需求。 它是美国艾力高公司的子品牌–凯德CADDY?,根据美国西部地震多发地带的现代高层建筑内部建筑的机电设备如给水排水系统、建筑电气系统、消防管道系统、燃气管道系统、通风与空调工程系统、电梯安装系统、建筑智能化系统的抗震和消能减震需求,开发出整套系统,称之为建筑机电抗震系统。其包括立管管束、钢梁及檩条夹钳、环状管吊、防震斜撑系统、防震钢吊件与支撑等等。

建筑机电抗震支撑系统在实际设计和安装中,经四十多年的不断发展和完善。现已产生一系列完善抗震验算经验公式和检验标准。特别是进入二十一世纪以来,由于现代建筑工程面积一般非常大,而且建筑内部附属机电设备十分繁杂,故建筑机电抗震支撑系统设计工程量也就非常繁杂。目前已有免费的工程设计软件提供给工程安装承包商,能为任何大小项目设计和规划机械模拟安装和出CAD图档的实用工具。

2008年之前,国内项目应用基本无机电抗震的概念,可以说空白。
5.12汶川地震后,建设部对原GB50011-2001《建筑抗震设计规范》先后两次进行紧急修订并颁布新的GB50011-2010《建筑抗震设计规范》,发文要求严格执行其中的强制性条文,以期达到该规范的基本精神“大震不倒,中震可修,小震不裂”,最大限度的保障人民生命及财产安全。相关机构和专家也开始应国家需要着手制定相关标准的拟定,以完善工程机电的切实需要。

2014年10月9日,国家住房城乡建设部正式颁布《建筑机电工程抗震设计规范》为国家标准,编号GB50981-2014,从2015年8月1日起强制性执行。该国家标准全面阐述了抗震措施的设计基本要求,标的是使建筑给水排水、供暖、通风、空调、燃气、热力、电力、通讯、消防等机电工程设施经抗震设防后,以减轻地震破坏,防止次生灾害,避免人员伤亡,减少经济损失,做到安全可靠、技术先进、经济合理、维护管理方便。

 

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